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The Muscularity Bias Internalization Scale: Development and initial validation in Chinese adult men

Mon, 26 Sep 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The present study developed the Muscularity Bias Internalization Scale (MBIS), a measure of muscularity bias internalization, which assesses the extent to which an individual endorses muscularity-based stereotypes and engages in negative self-evaluations due to muscularity. In Study 1, a pool of candidate items was developed. By using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) on a sample of 300 Chinese adult men (M_age = 29.98 years, SD = 7.81), 14 items from the item pool were retained. The 14-item MBIS contained three factors. In Study 2, the second sample of 300 Chinese adult men (M_age = 29.50 years, SD = 7.50) was used to confirm the factor structure of the MBIS, as well as to examine its reliability and validity. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) further confirmed the three-factor structure of the MBIS with a good model fit. The MBIS showed high internal consistency reliability and high two-week test-retest reliability. The MBIS also showed good construct validity with measures of drive for muscularity, muscularity-oriented disordered eating, and muscle dysmorphia symptoms. The newly developed MBIS may help understand the role of muscularity bias internalization in the development and maintenance of muscularity-oriented body image and muscularity-oriented disordered eating.

The Effect of Music on Food Intake: A Meta-Analysis

Mon, 08 Nov 2021 00:00:00 +0000

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It was my master’s thesis, which was also the draft of the journal article The Relationship between Music and Food Intake: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. The abstract was submitted to the conference in May, 2021, and was accepted in December, 2021. The journal article was published in July, 2021.

Exploring the links from perceived childhood parenting and childhood parent-child relation to Chinese adults’ current psychological distress: Impacts of family-of-origin?

Sat, 09 Oct 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose: This research aims to explore the links from perceived childhood parenting and childhood parent-child relation to Chinese adults’ current psychological distress.

Methods: A sample of 501 Chinese adults (age of 18 ~ 45 years, with 252 men) were recruited from the internet by using Credamo, a reliable online survey platform. A set of questionnaires assessing perceived childhood parenting (i.e., warmth, rejection, and overprotection), childhood parent-child relation, and current psychological distress were used. Correlation and regression analyses were carried out. “Childhood parenting and parent-child relation” were measured by asking participants to recall their childhood experiences (≤12 years old).

Results: Results of correlation analyses showed that childhood warmth was significantly and negatively associated with current psychological distress (women: r = -.32, p < .001; men: r = -.29, p < .001). Childhood rejection was significantly and positively correlated with current psychological distress (women: r = .39, p < .001; men: r = .46, p < .001). However, childhood overprotection was significantly and positively correlated with psychological distress in Chinese men (r = .16, p = .011). Moreover, childhood parent-child relation was significantly and negatively correlated with current psychological distress (women: r = -.22, p < .001; men: r = -.36, p < .001). Finally, with multiple regression analyses by controlling for all covariates (e.g., gender and age), rejection was the only significant and positive predictor of psychological distress (β = 0.37, p < .001), and the whole model could explain 26.8% of the total variance of current psychological distress.

Conclusions: These findings suggest the interactions (e.g., parents’ rejection) between parents and children in adults’ childhood may have an important impact on adults’ current mental health, highlighting the potential existence of “impacts of family-of-origin”.

Perceived childhood parenting styles, childhood feeding practices, and current maladaptive and adaptive eating behaviors among Chinese adolescents and adults

Sat, 09 Oct 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose: The current study aimed to explore the relationships among Perceived childhood parenting styles, childhood feeding practices, and current maladaptive and adaptive eating behaviors in Chinese adolescents and adults.

Methods: We recruited 499 adolescents (58.5% girls, aged 16 to 18 years) in Tianjin with paper-and-pencil questionnaires, and 501 adults (49.7% women, aged 18 to 45 years) by Credamo, a reliable online survey platform. A set of questionnaires assessing perceived childhood parenting (i.e., emotional warmth, rejection, and overprotection), childhood feeding practices (i.e., concern, monitoring, pressure to eat, and restriction), and maladaptive and adaptive eating behaviors were used. Specifically, perceived childhood parenting styles and childhood feeding practices were measured by participants’ recall of their interactions with their parents in childhood (≤12 years old). Correlation and mediation analyses were carried out.

Results: Results revealed that compared to intuitive eating as an adaptive eating, disordered eating as maladaptive eating was more significantly related to childhood feeding practice in Chinese adults and adolescents, and disordered eating was more significantly related to childhood feeding practices in Chinese adult women, adult men, and girls. In Chinese adult men, the relationship between emotional warmth and disordered eating was fully mediated by concern with a total indirect effect of .14 (95%CI .08, 0.24; p < .001); and the relationship between overprotection and disordered eating was fully mediated by pressure to eat with a total indirect effect of .06 (95%CI .01, 0.14; p = .054). In Tianjin boys, the relationship between warmth and disordered eating was fully mediated by concern with a total indirect effect of .08 (95% CI .02, .18; p = .045). However, none of the childhood feeding practices showed mediating effects between perceived childhood parenting and eating behaviors in Chinese adult women and girls.

Conclusions: Perceived childhood parenting styles and childhood feeding practices are more related to adolescents’ and adults’ current maladaptive than adaptive eating behaviors. Parents’ feeding practices might be a mediator between childhood parenting styles and current disordered eating behaviors, especially in males.

The Chinese Version of the Goal Content for Weight Maintenance Scale (GCWMS) among Young Adults: Psychometric Properties and Its Associations with Weight Status and Disordered Eating

Fri, 08 Oct 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose: This current work aims to translate the Goal Content for Weight Maintenance Scale into the Chinese version (C-GCWMS) and examine its psychometric properties among Chinese young adults.

Methods: The data were collected from a university in Hunan Province. The number of valid samples is 1065 (78.8% are females) and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to examine the factor structure of C-GCWMS. Reliabilities of subscales from the C-GCWMS were examined. Convergent and divergent validity was assessed by Pearson correlation analyses between the subscales of C-GCWMS and other theoretically related/unrelated measures.

Results: The four-dimensional structure of C-GCWMS was stable and was invariant across genders. The internal consistency reliabilities of four subscales were proved to be adequate according to Cronbach’s α (0.82-0.88), and the construct validity was overall good. In males, challenge (r = 0.157, p = 0.019) and social recognition (r = 0.167, p = 0.012) was significantly and positively correlated to BMI, while in females, health management, challenge, social recognition, and image showed significant and positive correlations with both BMI (r = 0.109, p = 0.028; r = 0.109, p = 0.002; r = 0.108, p = 0.002; r = 0.180, p < 0.001) and disordered eating behaviors (r = 0.109, p = 0.011; r = 0.236, p < 0.001; r = 0.290, p < 0.001; r = 0.247, p < 0.001).

Conclusions: The C-GCWMS was psychometrically adequate for the sample of Chinese students. As disordered eating and BMI were significantly and positively correlated with goal content for weight management, goal content for weight management can be important contributors to individuals’ weight status and disordered eating behaviors. However, the roles of goal content for weight management in weight status and disordered eating behaviors should be confirmed in future experimental and/or longitudinal studies.